GEOL 492/692
Applied Geophysics

offered each Spring semester
4 Credits, call #82821/#78132; Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays 11:00-11:50 in LMR 353
Lab session is certain Mondays 5:00-7:00 PM in LMR 351

Instructor: John Louie, 217 LME, 784-4219, louie@seismo.unr.edu


Learning Objectives: This course is a survey of geophysical techniques applied to solving geoscience and engineering problems in resource exploration and development, natural hazards, and pollution control. The course is intended to be a practical, hands-on, field-oriented course on the applications of geophysics to these problems. For each topic, the development will proceed from basic principles (theory) through methodology and applications, to case histories. Applications will be emphasized; theory will be kept to essentials. The basic principles and operational procedures of each method will be presented, along with discussions of where the method is and is not applicable. Case histories will be included to illustrate applications. Assigned readings and composition of literature reviews will be an integral part of the course work.

The course has 4 elements: lectures, lab exercises, reading case-history literature, and a field project.
The description below is available to WWW browsers at the URL http://www.seismo.unr.edu/ftp/pub/louie/class/492-syll.html.

Lectures

In general three 50-minute lectures will be given each week, focusing on processes, concepts, and methods reported in the literature. In advance of each lecture, please download the scanned overheads from this folder. The required text is W. Telford, L. Geldart, and R. Sheriff, Applied Geophysics, Cambridge Univ. Press, ISBN 0521339383 (Google Books link -$76.80 from Amazon.com, in stock). The schedule of readings from the text are noted in the syllabus below.

Lab Exercises

About seven laboratory exercises or problem sets will be assigned, to test students' grasp of key concepts and methods. All of these exercises will be computer-based, with software provided by the instructor for download from this web page. One exercise requires use of one of Mackay LMR 351 lab PCs, to access licensed commercial software. All other exercises will be Windows-compatible, and most will be Mac and Linux compatible as well. Links are given from the assignments in the syllabus below. The instructor will be available during most of the Wednesday 4-7 PM lab periods to help students complete the assignments. Many of these lab periods will be held in LMR 351.

However, students are responsible for finding the computer resources needed to complete the exercises on their own time. Please inform the instructor immediately if you cannot locate a suitable computer, or if you feel additional class lab sessions need to be scheduled for an exercise. In general each lab exercise will be due one week after the lecture covering the included concepts. Students may work together to complete the exercises, but all must turn in only their own work. Late exercises will be accepted with a 10% penalty for a week or two after the due date, possibly later at the instructor's discretion.

Reading Case-History Literature

Students will write about six abstracts of scientific articles on case histories. Lists of published case histories to select from are linked in the syllabus below. Everyone should turn in an original abstract of any one or more of the assigned readings. More than one student may write an abstract on the same reference, but students must write their abstracts on their own. The abstract should be between 100 words and 1 page long. It will be evaluated for neatness, English usage, and how well it ``concentrates the essential information'' of the chosen reference(s). Please refer to the handout on Pointers for writing good abstracts.

Field Project

The class will conduct a small-scale geophysical field investigation in the western suburbs of Las Vegas during the March 14-22 Spring Break, sponsored by Optim SDS. Seismic, gravity, magnetic, and electrical methods will be employed, and interpreted. We will investigate the nature of the sharp boundary there between the soils of two different earthquake-shaking hazard classes. Planning and mobilizing for each geophysical method will be assigned to a student group from the class. Everyone in the class must be willing to give up their entire spring break for the field project. The fieldwork may run from approximately 8 AM on Saturday March 14 until late Sunday night March 22. Additional details will be announced in February. There is a field project preparation web page from 2005 that will be updated with this class's objectives.

Each method's group will present their analysis with a 15-minute seminar druing the class Final Period on Monday May 11, 9:45-11:45 AM in LMR353. While the class will collectively analyze the data obtained, students will be responsible for their own written reports. Each should describe the objectives, previous work, methods, results, and implications of the entire project in 5 to 10 pages of text, plus figures. For further guidance, see the page on elements of a professional report. The class may be able to publish its collected results. There will be no final exam, unless the field project becomes a complete failure.

Grades will be calculated as follows:

Lab Exercises		40%	Abstracts	30%
Oral Presentation	10%	Field Report	20%

Syllabus and Schedule

Download scans of overheads from this folder.
Not all lecture days are listed- two topics are listed per week, divided among three lectures.
1/21Seismic principles - moduli, wave propagation, Snell, reflection, surface waves
Text: p. 136-143, 147-162
1/23Seismic principles - porosity, Q, sources, geophones and digital recorders
Text: p. 192-207 A wave-modeling facility, with links to movies
1/26Refraction - acquisition, sources, t-x plots, depth, dip, reversal
Text: p. 162-176, 209-216
- First-arrival picking and velocity inversion lab Tutorial 5:00-7:00 PM LMR351
1/28Refraction - low-vel & thin hidden layers, v-z ambiguity, surface wave applications (media files)
Text: p. 235-243
2/2Reflection principles - profiling, sounding, NMO, dip
Text: p. 176-186
2/4Reflection principles - Vrms, Dix, vert resolution, horiz resolution
Text: p. 207-209
2/9Reflection acquisition - spreads, s/n, stack chart, phases, spatial aliasing
Text: p. 186-192
- Abstract due on engineering seismic case history
- First-arrival picking and velocity inversion lab due
- Surface-wave dispersion analysis and modeling lab Tutorial 5:00-7:00 PM LMR351
2/11Field project objectives - geologic setting, previous geophysics, planning
2/16NO CLASS - Presidents Day Holiday
2/18Reflection analysis - displays, spectra, BP filtering, gather slicing
Text: p. 216-228
- Surface-wave dispersion analysis and modeling lab due
2/20 Reflection analysis - CMP stacking, CV stack picking, diffractions, migration
Text: p. 229-233, 243-248
2/23 J. N. Louie, W. Honjas, and S. Pullammanappallil, Geophysical exploration for geothermal resources: Advanced seismic technology: Geophysical Techniques in Geothermal Exploration Workshop, 2007 Geothermal Resources Council Annual Meeting, Reno, 28 September.
Text: p. 233-235, 248-272
- Abstract due on seismic reflection case history
- Reflection Processing Lab Tutorial 5:00-7:00 PM LMR351
2/25Gravity principles - densities, corrections, instruments, acquisition
Text: p. 6-7, 10-26
3/2Gravity interpretation - modeling, trends, contouring, spatial filters
Text: p. 26-48
3/4Magnetics principles - properties, susceptibility units, diurnal drift, storms, instruments, acquisition
Text: p. 62-63, 67-84
- Reflection Processing Lab due
3/11Magnetics interpretation - modeling, trends, contouring, poles, filters
Text: p. 84-114
- Abstract due on potential fields case history
3/14-3/22Spring Break Field Project - Previous Fieldwork Photo Albums: 2009; 2007; 2005; 2003; 2002; 2000
3/23Field interpretation - elements of professional report, integration
- Gravity Lab Tutorial 5:00-7:00 PM LMR351
3/25Gravity/magnetics case studies - basin and bedrock geometry
Text: p. 48-52, 114-134
3/30GPS and Geodesy principles (1 Mb PDF)
- Gravity Lab due - Talwani inversion
- Magnetics Lab Tutorial 5:00-7:00 PM LMR351
4/1GPS acquisition and analysis, radar interferometry
4/6GPS applications and case histories
- Magnetics Lab due
4/8Electrical/hydraulic properties - rocks, fluids
4/10- draft methods paragraphs, result plots, reduced data due to class from each field team
4/13-17Guest lectures or no class- instructor out of town
4/20DC Resistivity - acquisition, apparent resistivity, modeling, curve fitting
- Abstract due on geodetic/inSAR case history
- Resistivity modeling lab Tutorial 5:00-7:00 PM LMR351
4/22Frequency-domain electromagnetics - wavelengths, phase, skin depth
4/24- draft results paragraphs, improved result plots due to class from each field team
4/27Time-domain electromagnetics - dynamos, eddy currents, acquisition, modeling
- Resistivity modeling lab due - uses RESIX demo software on DOS
4/29Induced polarization, self potential - theory, acquisition, interpretation
5/4Electromagnetic case studies - deep-crustal fluids, waste plume characterization
- Abstract due on electromagnetic case history
if time permitsThe borehole environment - drilling, casing, fluids, filtrates & cakes
if time permitsBorehole methods - SP, induction, laterologs, acoustic, gamma, neutron
Monday 5/11Group Project Results Presentations during final period LMR 353 9:45-11:45 AM
- Abstract due on borehole case history (if assigned)
Weds. 5/13Individual Project Reports Due 5:00 PM LME 217


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