• Biasi and Smith 1998 showed that kappa for the smallest earthquakes in the Southern Great Basin Seismic Network are typically 35-45 msec.
• Su et al. (1996) averaged 20 msec fitting M3 to M4.5 aftershocks of the Little Skull Mountain earthquake.
• Moderate and small earthquake kappas at the same site form separate populations.
• One simple possible explanation is that the source did not always follow an omega-squared roll-off model.
• Other explanations are the subject of ongoing research.

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